Ndeapi maitiro emukati memhepo yemhando uye nemhedzisiro yawo pahutano hwevanhu?

Paavhareji, vanhu vekuAmerica vanopedza inenge 90 muzana yenguva yavo vari mumba
1. Indoor concentrations yezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinowanzoitika 2 kusvika 5 times dzakakwirira kudarika zvinowanzoitika kunze.
2. Vanhu vanonyanya kubatwa nenjodzi yekusvibisa (semuenzaniso, vadiki, vakura, vane chirwere chemwoyo kana chekufema) vanowanzopedza nguva yakawanda vari mumba.
3. Kuwanda kwemukati kwezvimwe zvinosvibisa kwakawedzera mumakumi emakore achangopfuura nekuda kwekuvaka chivako chinoshanda nesimba (apo mhepo yakakwana yemagetsi inoshaikwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuchinjana kwemhepo yakakwana) Mishonga yezvipembenene, uye mishonga yekuchenesa imba.

Zvinosvibisa uye Kunobva
Zvakajairwa zvinosvibisa zvinosanganisira:
• Kupisa nezvinogadzirwa zvakadai secarbon monoxide, tunhu tudikidiki uye chiutsi chefodya.
• Zvinhu zvechisikigo, zvakadai seradon, pet dander, uye mold.
• Biological agents senge mold.
• Mishonga yezvipembenene, lead neasbestos.
• Ozone (kubva kune zvimwe zvinonatsa mweya).
• Various VOCs kubva siyana zvigadzirwa uye zvinhu.

Zvizhinji zvinosvibisa zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemweya wemukati zvinobva mukati mezvivakwa, asi zvimwe zvinobvawo kunze.
• Indoor sources (zvinyorwa mukati mechivako pachacho).Zvitubu zvinopisa munzvimbo dzemukati, zvinosanganisira fodya, huni nemarasha ekudziisa uye midziyo yekubikira, uye moto, inoburitsa zvinokuvadza zvinopisa byproducts senge kabhoni monoxide uye tunhu twakananga munzvimbo yemukati.Zvekuchenesa, pendi, mishonga yezvipembenene, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinowanzo shandiswa zvinounza makemikari mazhinji akasiyana, anosanganisira anoputika organic komisheni, akananga mumhepo yemukati.Zvishandiso zvekuvakisa zvakare zvinogona kuve masosi, kungave kuburikidza nemidziyo yakashatiswa (semuenzaniso, asbestos faibha dzakaburitswa kubva mukuvharirwa kwechivako) kana kubva kumidziyo mitsva (semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwemakemikari kubva kumiti yakatsikirirwa).Zvimwe zvinhu zviri mumhepo yemukati ndezvakasikwa zvakaita seradon, mold, uye pet dander.

• Zvitubu zvekunze: Zvinhu zvinosvibisa mhepo zvekunze zvinogona kupinda muzvivako nemadhoo akavhurika, mahwindo, michina yokupinza mhepo, uye pakatsemuka.Zvimwe zvinosvibisa zvinopinda mudzimba kuburikidza nekuvaka faundesheni.Radon, semuenzaniso, inoumba pasi pevhu apo uranium inowanzoitika mumatombo uye kuora kwevhu.Radon inogona kubva yapinda muchivako kuburikidza nekutsemuka kana maburi muchimiro.Hutsi hunokuvadza hunobva kumachimini hunogona kupinda zvakare mudzimba, huchisvibisa mhepo mudzimba nenharaunda.Munzvimbo umo mvura yepasi kana ivhu yakasvibiswa, makemikoro anoputika anogona kupinda muzvivako nenzira imwe cheteyo.Mishonga inoputika muhurongwa hwemvura inogonawo kupinda mukati memhepo kana vagari vekuvaka vachishandisa mvura (semuenzaniso kugeza, kubika).Pakupedzisira, apo vanhu vanopinda muzvivako, vasingazivi vangaunza tsvina neguruva rinobva kunze pashangu dzavo nezvipfeko, pamwe chete netsvina inonamira paidzi zvidimbu.

Zvimwe Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Indoor Air Quality
Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemweya wemukati, kusanganisira mitengo yekuchinjana kwemhepo, mamiriro ekunze ekunze, mamiriro ekunze, uye hunhu hwevanogara.Mwero wekuchinjana kwemhepo nekunze chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuwanda kwemukati memhepo inosvibisa.Chiyero chekutsinhana kwemhepo chinopesvedzerwa nekugadzira, kuvaka uye kushanda paramita yechivako uye pakupedzisira ibasa rekupinda (mhepo inoyerera ichipinda muchimiro kuburikidza nekuvhurika, majoini uye makatsemuka mumadziro, pasi uye sirin'i uye zvakatenderedza magonhi nemahwindo), kufefetedza kwechisikigo (mhepo inoyerera nekuyerera kwakavhurika nepamahwindo nemagonhi) uye mechanical ventilation (mhepo inomanikidzwa kupinda mukamuri kana kunze kwekamuri nemudziyo wekufemesa senge feni kana mhepo inobata system).

Mamiriro ekunze ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze pamwe nemaitiro emugari anogonawo kukanganisa kunaka kwemweya wemukati.Mamiriro ekunze anogona kukanganisa kana vagari vezvivakwa vakavhura kana kuvhara mahwindo uye kana vachishandisa ma air conditioner, humidifiers kana heaters, zvese izvi zvinokanganisa kunaka kwemweya wemukati.Mamwe mamiriro ekunze anogona kuwedzera mukana wekunyorova kwemukati uye kukura kwe mold pasina kufefetera kwakaringana kana kudzora mhepo.

Kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu
Migumisiro yehutano inobatanidza nemukati memhepo inosvibisa inosanganisira:
• Kushungurudza maziso, mhino nepahuro.
• Musoro, dzungu uye kuneta.
• Chirwere chekufema, chirwere chemwoyo uye kenza.

Kubatana pakati pezvimwe zvinosvibisa mhepo zvemukati (semu radon, kusvibiswa kwemukati, kabhoni monoxide, Legionella) uye hutano zvinokonzeresa.
• Radon inonzi carcinogen yevanhu inozivikanwa uye yechipiri inokonzera kenza yemapapu.

Carbon monoxide ine chepfu, uye kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kune yakakwira mazinga ecarbon monoxide munzvimbo yemukati inogona kuuraya.

Chirwere cheLegionnaires, rudzi rwepneumonia inokonzerwa nekusangana neLegionella bacteria, inosanganiswa nezvivakwa zvine mhepo inofefetera kana yekudziya.

Zvizhinji zvinosvibisa mhepo mudzimba -- huruva, mold, pet dander, utsi hwefodya yezvakatipoteredza, mapete, mapete, tunhu, nezvimwewo -- "zvinokonzeresa asima," zvichireva kuti vamwe vane asima vanogona kusangana neasthma mushure mekusangana.
Nepo kushata kwehutano kwave kuchinzi kune zvimwe zvinosvibisa, manzwisisiro esainzi ezvimwe zvinhu zvemukati zvemhando yemhepo zvichiri kubuda.

Mumwe muenzaniso ndewe "sick building syndrome," iyo inoitika apo vagari vezvivako vanoona zviratidzo zvakafanana mushure mekupinda mune chimwe chivako, chinoderedza kana kuparara mushure mokunge vabuda muchivako.Zviratidzo izvi zviri kuwedzera kuverengerwa kune akasiyana ekuvaka emukati mhepo zvivakwa.

Vatsvagiri vanga vachidzidzawo hukama pakati pemhando yemhepo yemukati uye nyaya dzakakosha dzinogara dzichinzi hadzina hukama nehutano, senge kuita kwemudzidzi mukirasi uye kubereka muzvirongwa zvehunyanzvi.

Imwe nzvimbo iri kusimukira yekutsvagisa dhizaini, kuvaka, kushanda uye kugadzirisa kwe "girinhi zvivakwa" zvekushandisa simba uye kunatsiridza mukati memhepo mhando.

ROE Index
Kunyangwe zvakawanda zvichizivikanwa nezve huwandu hwematambudziko emukati emukati uye hutano hunoenderana nemhedzisiro yehutano, zviviri chete zviratidzi zvemukati zvemukati zvemweya zvemukati zvinoenderana neakareba uye yemhando data zviripo parizvino: radon uye serum cotinine (chiyero chekufumurwa kwefodya. Index.)

Nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, ROE metrics haigone kugadzirwa kune dzimwe nyaya dzemukati memhepo.Semuenzaniso, hapana nyika yese yekutarisa network iyo inogara ichiyera kunaka kwemhepo mukati meiyo statistically sampuli yedzimba, zvikoro, uye zvivakwa zvehofisi.Izvi hazvireve kuti hapana chinozivikanwa nezve yakafararira yemukati mhepo mhando nyaya uye zvine chekuita nehutano hutano.Pane kudaro, ruzivo uye data pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvinogona kutorwa kubva muzvinyorwa zvehurumende uye zvinyorwa zvesainzi.Aya data haana kuratidzwa seROE zviratidzo nekuti ivo havamiriri nyika kana kuti havaratidzi nyaya kwenguva yakareba.