Chivabvu 7, 2024
Munzanga yanhasi, kunaka kwemweya watinofema kwave kunetsa. Kune avo vedu vanogara mumaguta kana masabhabhu, kugara mumaguta nemigwagwa mikuru zvinoumba nzvimbo uye zvinounza zvinosvibisa nazvo. Kumaruwa, kunaka kwemhepo kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekurima kwemaindasitiri uye mabasa emigodhi. Sezvo moto wesango uchipisa kwenguva refu uye munzvimbo dzakawanda, matunhu ese anoratidzwa chenjedzo yemhando yemhepo.
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakabatanidzwa kune huwandu hwezvinetso zvehutano. Hutano hwacho hunoenderana nerudzi uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinosvibisa mumhepo, asi World Health Organisation (WHO) inofungidzira kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwemumba nekwakadzika kunokonzera 6.7 miriyoni kufa nguva isati yakwana gore rega rega.
Mune ino blog post, isu tichaongorora nezve hutano zvinokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo uye zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kukonzeresa.
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokanganisa sei hutano hwako?
Hunhu hwemhepo husina kunaka hunotungamirira kurufu rusati rwasvika kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinokanganisa kufema uye moyo. Kuratidzwa kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kutungamirira kune zvose zvakakomba (kamwe kamwe uye zvakanyanya, asi zvingangoita zvenguva pfupi) uye zvisingaperi (zvingangove zvisingarapike, zvekugara kwenguva refu mamiriro ehutano) mamiriro ehutano. Hedzino dzimwe nzira kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kukonzera kufa:
Kuzvimba: Kuratidzira kune zvinosvibisa mhepo, senge particulate matter (PM) uye ozone (O3), zvinogona kukonzera kuzvimba kwekufema uye yemoyo system, pamwe nedzimwe nhengo. Kuzvimba uku kunogona kuwedzera zvirwere zvekufema senge chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) uye matambudziko emoyo anotungamira mukurova kwemoyo uye sitiroko.
Kudzikira kushanda kwemapapu: Kugara kwenguva refu kune zvimwe zvinosvibisa, kunyanya fine particulate matter (PM2.5), zvinogona kukonzera kushanda kwemapapu kudzikire nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti vanhu vanyanye kubatwa nezvirwere zvekufema. PM2.5 inogona zvakare kuyambuka ropa-brain barriers uye kukonzera kukuvara kwehuropi
Kuwedzera kweropa: Zvinosvibisa, kunyanya kubva kumhepo inokonzerwa nemhepo (TRAP) yakadai senitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone uye PM, yakabatanidzwa nekuwedzera kweropa, iyo inokonzera njodzi yehutano hwemwoyo.
Atherosclerosis formation : Kugara kwenguva refu kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakabatanidzwa nekuvandudzwa kweatherosclerosis (kuoma uye kuderera kwetsinga), zvichiita kuti zvirwere zvemwoyo zvakadai sekurwadziwa kwemoyo uye sitiroko.
Oxidative stress: Kuratidzwa kune zvinosvibisa kunogona kukonzera oxidative kusagadzikana, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwemaseru uye matishu. Kukuvadzwa kweoxidative uku kwakabatana nekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira sitiroko negomarara. Inogonawo kukurumidzisa kukwegura kwomuviri
Kenza: Kune vamwe vanhu, kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kukonzera kenza yemapapu sezvakaita kusvuta. Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwave kuchibatanidzwawo negomarara rezamu
Kuwedzera kwekufa kusati kwasvika kubva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo kunowanzobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvisingaperi zvinokonzerwa nekugara kwenguva refu kumhepo. Zvisinei, kunyange kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakasimba yakaipa. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti vachiri kuyaruka vane utano hwakanaka vanorova mwoyo zvisina tsarukano mukati memaawa mashoma vasangana nekusvibiswa kwemhepo kwenguva pfupi.
Matambudziko ehutano ane chekuita nekusvibiswa kwemhepo anosanganisira kufema uye kuzvimba kwemoyo, kuderedzwa kwemapapu, kuwedzera kweropa, kuoma uye kutetepa kwetsinga, kukuvara kwesero uye matishu, kenza yemapapu uye kenza yemazamu.
Saka tinofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya kumhepo, panguva ino zvigadzirwa zvedu zvichakupa mweya wakachena.
REFERENCES
1 Kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumba. (2023, Zvita 15). Sangano Rinoona nezve Utano Pasi pose.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, nevamwe. Maonero: ambient kusvibiswa kwemhepo: mhinduro yekuzvimba uye mhedzisiro pamapapu evhavha. Pulm Circ. 2014 Mar;4(1):25-35. doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, nevamwe. Ongororo yezvinofemerwa yakanaka yenyaya (PM2.5) -induced brain kukuvara. Mberi Mol Neurosci. 2022 Sep 7;15:967174. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Oxidative Stress: Kukuvadza uye Benefits kune Hutano Hwevanhu. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Mbudzi 2). Kusvibiswa Kwemhepo Kunogona Kukonzera Kenza? Zvaunoda Kuziva NezveNjodzi. Pro Publica.https://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Mazinga epamusoro ekusvibiswa kwemhepo ane chekuita nekuwedzera. (2023, Gunyana 12). National Institutes of Health (NIH).https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-levels-particulate-air-pollution-associated-increased-breast-cancer-icidence.
7 Iye F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez-Mendoza J, nevamwe. Acute Impact of Fine Particulate Air Kusvibiswa paCardiac Arrhythmias muPopulation-Yakavakirwa Sample yeVachiri Kuyaruka: Iyo Penn State Child Cohort. Rwendo rweAmer Moyo Assoc. 2017 Jul 27.;11:e026370. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Gomarara uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo. (nd). Union for International Cancer Control.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
9 Kuongororazve Kwekupedzisira kweNational Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter (PM). (2024, Kukadzi 7). US EPA.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Nguva yekutumira: May-10-2024